No. Read-only cannot mutate the database. I don't know if Sqlite ensures you won't observe inconsistent results if there is a concurrent (single) writer.
The docs [1] and this [2] suggest that you'll probably observe inconsistent results.
WAL mode supports it ("reading and writing can proceed concurrently"), but "does not work over a network filesystem" like SSHFS [3] because it either requires shared memory on the same machine, or exclusive locking [4] (which SSHFS does not provide, and which again does not allow readers concurrent with a writer).
Thus overall, you can only rely on your read queries over SSHFS if you know that there is no concurrent writer.
