Kali net hunter can show a Linux environment over usb display port on some phones. There's also Samsung Dex but that's just android apps. They were working on a Linux version of it but killed it off within a year. It only ever worked on the S9.
I know, I specifically bought an S10e few years ago just for that (it worked on the s10 series too), but they had a special version of Ubuntu and all the repos were down so kinda useless.
The Kali thing is also just a chroot image (if rooted) that you have to VNC into, and cannot do docker and stuff.
